Balanced Binary Tree

update Aug 27,2017 15:26

LintCode
LeetCode

Given a binary tree, determine if it is height-balanced.

For this problem, a height-balanced binary tree is defined as a binary tree in which the depth of the two subtrees of every node never differ by more than 1.

Example

     Given binary tree A = {3,9,20,#,#,15,7}, B = {3,#,20,15,7}

         A)  3                B)     3 
            /  \                      \
           9   20                     20
              /  \                   /   \
            15    7                 15    7

     The binary tree A is a height-balanced binary tree, but B is not.

Basic Idea:

采用分治法，分别考虑左右两子树的返回值。如果两子树返回值有 -1，或者两者返回值只差大于 1，返回 -1（-1 表示已经不是平衡树）；否则返回 max(left, right) + 1；

Python Code：

    class Solution:
        """
        @param: root: The root of binary tree.
        @return: True if this Binary tree is Balanced, or false.
        """
        def isBalanced(self, root):
            def helper(root):
                if not root:
                    return 0
                left = helper(root.left)
                right = helper(root.right)
                if left == -1 or right == -1 or abs(left - right) > 1:
                    return -1
                return max(left, right) + 1

            return helper(root) != -1

Java Code:

class Solution {
    public boolean isBalanced(TreeNode root) {
        return helper(root) != -1;
    }

    private int helper(TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null) return 0;
        int leftMaxHeight = helper(root.left);
        int rightMaxHeight = helper(root.right);
        if (leftMaxHeight == -1 || rightMaxHeight == -1 || 
            Math.abs(leftMaxHeight - rightMaxHeight) > 1) {
            return -1;
        } else {
            return Math.max(leftMaxHeight, rightMaxHeight) + 1;
        }
    }
}