Reverse Nodes in k-Group

update Jul 29, 2017 14:56

LintCode

Given a linked list, reverse the nodes of a linked list k at a time and return its modified list.

If the number of nodes is not a multiple of k then left-out nodes in the end should remain as it is.

You may not alter the values in the nodes, only nodes itself may be changed.

Only constant memory is allowed.

Example

Given this linked list: 1->2->3->4->5

For k = 2, you should return: 2->1->4->3->5

For k = 3, you should return: 3->2->1->4->5

Basic Idea:

这道题的难度应该远够不上 hard。

用到两个技术点，一是reverse linked list，二是reverse linked list中间的一段。后者是前者的扩展。

具体地，解法分成两部分：

• ListNode getKth(ListNode head, int k);

这个函数对每个输入的head节点，找到从它开始第k个节点，若不存在，则返回null。

• ListNode reverse(ListNode pre_head, ListNode tail);

这个函数 reverse 从pre_head.next 到 tail (include) 间的节点。之所以要传入要reverse的第一个节点之前的节点是为了整个list在reverse之后依然是连接的。

Python Code:

class Solution:
    """
    @param: head: a ListNode
    @param: k: An integer
    @return: a ListNode
    """
    def reverseKGroup(self, head, k):
        def getKth(head):
            for i in range(k - 1):
                if not head:
                    return None
                head = head.next
            return head


        def reverse(preHead, tail):
            if preHead.next == tail:
                return
            head = preHead.next
            tailNext = tail.next # 这里很重要，要提前保存好 tail.next, 否则的话tail会丢失next
            # reverse head 和 tail 之间的部分
            prev = head
            curr = head.next
            next = None
            while curr != tailNext:
                next = curr.next
                curr.next = prev
                prev = curr
                curr = next
            # 重新连接左右部分和中间部分
            head.next = tailNext
            preHead.next = tail


        # main part
        dummy = ListNode(0)
        dummy.next = head
        preHead = dummy
        while True:
            kth = getKth(preHead.next)
            nextPreHead = preHead.next
            if not kth:
                break
            reverse(preHead, kth)
            preHead = nextPreHead
        return dummy.next

Java Code:

这种写法和之前的python写法不同。这里每次先将当前段的 k 个nodes与之后部分断开，然后调用reverse，再将其和前后重新连接，逻辑更加清晰；

class Solution {
    public ListNode reverseKGroup(ListNode head, int k) {
        ListNode start = head;
        ListNode dummy = new ListNode(0);
        dummy.next = head;
        ListNode prevStart = dummy;

        while (true) {
            ListNode kth = getKth(start, k);
            if (kth == null) break;
            // 记录下一段的head，断开kth.next
            ListNode nextStart = kth.next;
            kth.next = null;
            // 链接上一段和这一段reverse之后的新head，新head是kth
            prevStart.next = kth;
            reverse(start);
            // reverse 之后，kth为新head，之前的start为tail
            prevStart = start;
            start.next = nextStart;
            start = nextStart;
        }
        return dummy.next;
    }

    // get the k-th node, include head
    private ListNode getKth(ListNode head, int k) {
        int count = 1;
        ListNode curr = head;
        while (count < k && curr != null) {
            curr = curr.next;
            count++;
        }
        return curr;
    }

    private ListNode reverse(ListNode head) {
        ListNode prev = null;
        ListNode curr = head;
        ListNode next = null;
        while (curr != null) {
            next = curr.next;
            curr.next = prev;
            prev = curr;
            curr = next;
        }
        return prev;
    }
}

udpate Jan 17,2018 11:54

Update (Recursion Solution)

严格上讲，这种 recursion 的解法是不符合 constant space 的要求的，但是这种写法更为简单，所以也提供一下。基本思路就是每次reverse完一组 k 个 nodes 之后，将其后的部分视作一个子问题，然后递归求解。

Java Code:

class Solution {
    public ListNode reverseKGroup(ListNode head, int k) {
        ListNode kth = getKth(head, k);
        if (kth == null) return head;
        ListNode nextHead = kth.next;
        kth.next = null;
        reverse(head);
        // kth is the new head, head is now the tail
        head.next = reverseKGroup(nextHead, k);
        return kth;
    }

    // get the k-th node, include head
    private ListNode getKth(ListNode head, int k) {
        int count = 1;
        ListNode curr = head;
        while (count < k && curr != null) {
            curr = curr.next;
            count++;
        }
        return curr;
    }

    private ListNode reverse(ListNode head) {
        ListNode prev = null;
        ListNode curr = head;
        ListNode next = null;
        while (curr != null) {
            next = curr.next;
            curr.next = prev;
            prev = curr;
            curr = next;
        }
        return prev;
    }
}

update Sep 15 2018, 18:39

Update, 更清晰的写法

1. 每次reverse之前先将需要reverse的部分和后面断开，保存好这段之前的节点prev，之后的节点nextHead，这段的首位currHead和kth；
2. reverse之后将之前存好的节点链接起来：prev.next = kth; currHed.next = next;, 然后更新下一段的变量：prev = currHead;;

class Solution {
    public ListNode reverseKGroup(ListNode head, int k) {
        if (head == null || head.next == null) return head;
        ListNode dummy = new ListNode(0);
        dummy.next = head;
        ListNode prev = dummy;
        while (true) {
            ListNode currHead = prev.next;
            ListNode kth = getKth(currHead, k);
            if (kth == null) break;
            ListNode nextHead = kth.next;
            kth.next = null;
            reverse(currHead);
            prev.next = kth;
            currHead.next = nextHead;
            prev = currHead;
        }
        return dummy.next;
    }

    private void reverse(ListNode head) {
        ListNode prev = null, curr = head, next = head.next;
        while (curr != null) {
            next = curr.next;
            curr.next = prev;
            prev = curr;
            curr = next;
        }
    }

    private ListNode getKth(ListNode head, int k) {
        for (int i = 1; i < k; ++i) {
            if (head == null) return head;
            head = head.next;
        }
        return head;
    }
}